Designing CRISPR-Cas9 for the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Molecular Strategies, Delivery Systems, and Translational Advances

Shafee Ur Rehman

doi:10.20883/medical.e1542

Authors

Shafee Ur Rehman Ala-Too International University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e1542

Keywords:

CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, breast cancer therapeutics, precision oncology, genome engineering, targeted molecular therapy

Abstract

The most prevalent female cancer worldwide is breast cancer because of its multiple genetic subtypes and complex cancer-promoting mechanisms. The gene-editing technology CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary therapeutic approach that enables targeted attacks on cancer-causing genes, tumour suppressor genes, and treatment-resistant mechanisms. The article provides an overview of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for breast cancer treatment, highlighting its fundamental concepts and current research progress. The review examines guide RNA (gRNA) selection methods, Cas9 enzyme variants, base and prime editing systems, epigenome-editing methods, and immunomodulation strategies via combinatorial approaches. The review evaluates new delivery methods, including lipid nanoparticles, viral vectors, exosomes, and tumour-specific biomaterials. The review presents preclinical research findings and explains therapeutic targets, including HER2, PIK3CA, TP53, BRCA1/2, and PD-L1, and discusses safety aspects and translation barriers. The review demonstrates how CRISPR-based therapies will transform precision oncology through multiplex editing, AI-guided gRNA design, and integration with single-cell genomics.

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Author Biography

Shafee Ur Rehman, Ala-Too International University

PhD, Faculty of Medicine, Ala-Too International University, Tunguch, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

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