Formulation and evaluation of Yemeni potash alum as hydrophilic topical preparations against bacterial skin infections

Yemeni potash alum's topical preparations against bacterial skin infections

Authors

  • Moath Refat Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong, University, China; College of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Al-Hodeidah, Yemen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-9052
  • Anes A.M. Thabit College of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Al-Hodeidah, Yemen; Pharmacy department, Al-Razi University, Sana'a, Yemen
  • Hesham Siddick College of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Al-Hodeidah, Yemen
  • Abdul-Rahman Maqboli College of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Al-Hodeidah, Yemen
  • Mohammed Sharah College of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Al-Hodeidah, Yemen
  • Abdul-baqi A. Thabet College of Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Al-Hodeidah, Yemen
  • Manar Refat College of Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Al-Hodeidah, Yemen
  • Aiman Saleh A. Mohammed Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen
  • Ahmed Al-Sabati College of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Al-Hodeidah, Yemen; College of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e713

Keywords:

Potassium Alum, Yemen's Alum, Antibacterial, Topical Preparations, Skin and soft tissue infections

Abstract

Skin and soft tissue infections are common. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause most bacterial skin infections. Yemen's alum is a natural mineral with potent antibacterial and antifungal activity. The current study aimed to verify Yemen alum's antibacterial activity against chosen bacterial strains to formulate a valuable topical preparation. We formulated twenty-three formulations involving four non-adjusted aqueous solutions, eight adjusted pH aqueous solutions, three Oil/Water cream formulations, and eight glycerin solutions, all with different alum concentrations. After that, we evaluated the antibacterial efficacy against the selected bacterial strains. Additionally, we performed stability testing (almost six weeks) to determine the chosen preparations' estimated shelf life (t90).  Alum showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finally, it was concluded that Oil/Water cream (10% alum) is viable preparation for large-scale production.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

V. Ki and C. Rotstein, "Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections in adults: a review of their epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and site of care," Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 173–184, 2008.

D. L. Stevens et al., "Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America," Clin. Infect. Dis., vol. 59, no. 2, pp. e10--e52, 2014.

T. M. G. Santiago, B. Pritt, L. E. Gibson, and N. I. Comfere, "Diagnosis of deep cutaneous fungal infections: correlation between skin tissue culture and histopathology," J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 293–301, 2014.

S. Esposito, S. Noviello, F. De Caro, and G. Boccia, "New insights into classification, epidemiology and microbiology of SSTIs, including diabetic foot infections," Infez Med, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 3–14, 2018.

L. K. Tay, H. Y. Lee, T. Thirumoorthy, and S. M. Pang, "Dermatology referrals in an East Asian tertiary hospital: a need for inpatient medical dermatology," Clin. Exp. Dermatology Clin. dermatology, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 129–134, 2011.

D. Sears and B. S. Schwartz, "Candida auris an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen," Int. J. Infect. Dis., vol. 63, pp. 95–98, 2017.

R. Guo et al., "Direct interactions between cationic liposomes and bacterial cells ameliorate the systemic treatment of invasive multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections," Nanomedicine Nanotechnology, Biol. Med., vol. 34, p. 102382, 2021.

M. Falcone et al., "Diabetes and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections," Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., vol. 174, 2021.

R. Corso and R. M. Jones, "Common cutaneous infections," Medicine (Baltimore)., 2021.

S. Zhang, K. Zhu, and C. Zhang, "Successful treatment of a patient with cutaneous co-infection caused by Mucor irregularis and Klebsiella pneumoniae," An. Bras. Dermatol., vol. 95, pp. 623–626, 2020.

F. Drago et al., "Oral and cutaneous manifestations of viral and bacterial infections: Not only COVID-19 disease," Clin. Dermatol., 2021.

M. Marszałek, A. Gaweł, and A. Włodek, "Pickeringite from the Stone Town Nature Reserve in Ciezkowice (the Outer Carpathians, Poland)," Minerals, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 187, 2020.

J. L. Jambor, D. K. Nordstrom, and C. N. Alpers, "6. Metal-sulfate Salts from Sulfide Mineral Oxidation," Sulfate Miner., pp. 303–350, 2018.

D. R. Zimbelman, R. O. Rye, and G. N. Breit, "Origin of secondary sulfate minerals on active andesitic stratovolcanoes," Chem. Geol., vol. 215, no. 1–4, pp. 37–60, 2005.

M. A. Ali and H. Siwan, "SHIBB -E-YAMANI ( ALUM ) A UNIQUE DRUG AND ITS UTILIZATION IN UNANI MEDICINE : A PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW," no. April, 2017, DOI: 10.7897/2277-4343.08255.

B. Pharmacopoeia, "Her majesty's stationery office," Parliam. Aff., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 205–214, 1954, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pa.a053040.

R. F. Al-Huwaizi and W. S. Al-Alousi, "The Effects of Different Concentrations of Alum Solutions on Mutans Streptococci: In Vitro Study," J. Baghdad Coll. Dent., vol. 325, no. 2210, pp. 1–6, 2013.

A. A. Hussein, "The effects of different concentration of Alum solutions on plaque and bleeding levels," J. Pharm. Sci. Res., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1078–1081, 2019.

T. S. ALtaei and R. H. AI-Jubouri, "Evaluation of the efficacy of alum suspension in treatment of recurrent ulcerative ulceration," J. Baghdad Coll. Dent., vol. 17, pp. 45–48, 2005.

B. M. Faraj, "Evidence for feasibility of aluminum potassium sulfate (alum) solution as a root canal irrigant," J. Baghdad Coll. Dent., vol. 24, no. Special Issue 1, 2012.

A. K. Alzomor, A. S. Moharram, and N. M. Al Absi, "Formulation and evaluation of potash alum as deodorant lotion and after shaving astringent as cream and gel," Int. Curr. Pharm. J., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 228–233, 2014.

M. Refat et al., "Formulation and Evaluation of Yemeni Potash Alum as Hydrophilic Topical Preparations against Candidiasis and Aspergillosis," Clin. Complement. Med. Pharmacol., p. 100044, 2022.

A. K. Olowosulu, Y. K. E. Ibrahim, and P. G. Bhatia, "Studies on the antimicrobial properties of formulated creams and ointments containing Baphia nitida heartwood extract," J. Pharm. Bioresour., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 124–130, 2005.

M. Refat et al., "‘formulation and evaluation of yemeni alum as antfungal hydrophilic topical preparations,’” vol. XXX, no. Xx, pp. 4–7, 2021, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.XXXXXXXXXX.

S.-C. Chow and J. Shao, Statistics in drug research: methodologies and recent developments. CRC press, 2002.

H. Khurshid et al., “14. Antimicrobial properties of hydrogen peroxide and potash alum alone and in combination against clinical bacterial isolates,” Pure Appl. Biol., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 2238–2247, 2019.

M. S. Putt, C. J. Kleber, and C. E. Smith, “Evaluation of an alum-containing mouthrinse in children for plaque and gingivitis inhibition during 4 weeks of supervised use,” Pediatr. Dent., vol. 18, pp. 139–144, 1996.

K. Mourughan and M. P. Suryakanth, “Evaluation of an alum-containing mouthrinse for inhibition of salivary streptococcus mutans levels in children--a controlled clinical trial,” J. Indian Soc. Pedod. Prev. Dent., vol. 22, no. 3, p. 100—105, Sep. 2004, [Online]. Available: http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/15573655.

M. Zaki, W. Begum, and M. Roqaiya, “Efficacy of Amla (Emblica officinanis) and Shibe yamani (potash alum) in the management of Candida vaginitis: a randomized standard controlled trial,” Int. J. Reprod. Contraception, Obstet. Gynecol., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 1601–1606, 2017.

B. fateme* S. F. MALEKZADEH HOSEIN AMIN MANSOUR, “2019 An in vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Effectiveness of Alum on the Growth of Candida Albicans and Candida Tropicalis Growth,” JUNDISHAPUR Sci. Med. J., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 403–414, 2019.

R. C. Layton et al., “Enhanced immunogenicity, mortality protection, and reduced viral brain invasion by alum adjuvant with an H5N1 split-virion vaccine in the ferret,” PLoS One, vol. 6, no. 6, p. e20641, 2011.

O. J. Gupta and A. Singh, “Optimizing the utilization of aluminum adjuvants in vaccines you might just get what you want,” vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 43–57, 2019.

A. Misra et al., “Successful vaccination against Leishmania donovani infection in Indian langur using alum-precipitated autoclaved Leishmania major with BCG,” vol. 19, pp. 3485–3492, 2001.

P. Khezri, S. Shahabi, E. Abasi, and H. Mohammadzadeh, “Comparison of immunogenical potency of Leishmania major ( MRHO / IR / 75 / ER ) antigens prepared by 3 different methods in conjunction with Alum-Naltrexone adjuvant in BALB / c mice,” Alexandria J. Med., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 503–510, 2018, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2018.10.004.

D. K. Goyal, P. Keshav, S. Kaur, and M. Isa, “Immunobiology Immune induction by adjuvanted Leishmania donovani vaccines against the visceral leishmaniasis in BALB / c mice,” Immunobiology, vol. 226, no. 2, p. 152057, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152057.

M. Mohebali, A. Khamesipour, I. Mobedi, Z. Zarei, and R. Hashemi-fesharki, “Double-blind randomized efficacy field trial of alum precipitated autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine mixed with BCG against canine visceral leishmaniasis in Meshkin-Shahr district , I . R . Iran,” vol. 22, pp. 4097–4100, 2004, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.03.058.

R. N. Hyer and R. S. Janssen, “Immunogenicity and safety of a 2-dose hepatitis B vaccine , HBsAg / CpG 1018 , in persons with diabetes mellitus aged 60 – 70 years,” Vaccine, vol. 37, no. 39, pp. 5854–5861, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.005.

F. Diaz-mitoma, V. Popovic, and J. N. Spaans, “Assessment of immunogenicity and safety across two manufacturing lots of a 3-antigen hepatitis B vaccine , Sci-B-Vac Ò , compared with Engerix-B Ò in healthy Asian adults : A phase 3 randomized clinical trial,” Vaccine, vol. 39, no. 29, pp. 3892–3899, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.067.

C. J. Kleber and M. S. Putt, “Aluminum and dental caries. A review of the literature.,” Clin. Prev. Dent., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 14–25, 1984.

M. Von Lilienfeld-toal, J. Wagener, H. Einsele, O. A. Cornely, and O. Kurzai, “New Treatments to Meet New Challenges,” 2019, DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0271.

Downloads

Published

2022-11-14

Issue

Section

Original Papers

How to Cite

1.
Refat M, Thabit AA, Siddick H, Maqboli A-R, Sharah M, A. Thabet A- baqi, et al. Formulation and evaluation of Yemeni potash alum as hydrophilic topical preparations against bacterial skin infections : Yemeni potash alum’s topical preparations against bacterial skin infections. JMS [Internet]. 2022 Nov. 14 [cited 2024 Dec. 5];91(4):e713. Available from: https://jms.ump.edu.pl/index.php/JMS/article/view/713
Received 2022-07-30
Accepted 2022-10-19
Published 2022-11-14