Polygraph analyses: technical and practical background
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e590Keywords:
polygraph, lie detection, autonomic nervous systemAbstract
A lie is not the truth, a common definition found in each dictionary or encyclopaedia. Humans use it in different situations and for various reasons, but in the case of forensics, recruitment, and trust in the company or family, it can be curtailed in order to avoid it or to detect it. One of the possible detection tools is the polygraph, whereby lies may be registered and interpreted by means of physiological activities controlled by the autonomic nervous system, such as sweating, trembling, or changes in breathing or in the heart rate. The analyses of the aforementioned parameters are monitored in response to questions, thus, providing information about a possible lie. Questions should be asked according to one of the approved protocols and given procedures and algorithms, which are constantly developed and revised to provide the best possible results.
Downloads
References
Woodworth RS, Schlosberg H. Psychologia eksperymentalna. Tom II. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. 1966. p. 169-173.
Witkowski T. Psychologia kłamstwa. Biblioteka moderatora. Taszów 2006. p. 27-284.
Antas J. O kłamstwie i kłamaniu (O kłamstwie i kłamaniu: studium semantyczno‑pragmatyczne). Towarzystwo Autorów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych Universitas. Kraków. 1999.
Bradley, M. T., & Ainsworth, D. (1984). Alcohol and the psychophysiological detection of deception. Psychophysiology, 21(1), 63–71
Hammond, D.L. 1980 The Responding of Normals, Alcoholics and Psychopaths in a Laboratory LieDetection Experiment. A Ph.D. dissertation submitted to the California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego.
Raskin, D.C., and R.D. Hare 1978 Psychopathy and detection of deception in a prison population. Psychophysiology 15(2):126-136.
Patrick, C. J., & Iacono, W. G. (1989). Psychopathy, threat, and polygraph test accuracy. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(2), 347–355. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.2.347
Waid, W. M., Orne, E. C., Cook, M. R., and Ome, M. T., “Meprobamate Reduces Accuracy of Physiological Detection of Deception," Science 212: 71-73, 1981
Iacono WG, Boisvenu GA, Fleming JA. Effects of diazepam and methylphenidate on the electrodermal detection of guilty knowledge. J Appl Psychol. 1984 May;69(2):289-99. PMID: 6735969
Iacono, W.G., A.M. Cerri, C.J. Patrick, and J.A.E. Fleming 1992 Use of antianxiety drugs and countermeasures in the detection of guilty knowledge. Journal of Applied Psychology 77(1):60-64
White, D. Jr. (2001). Ask me no questions, tell me no lies: Examining the uses and misuses of the polygraph. Public Personnel Management, 30(4), 483-493.
Grubin, D., & Madsen, L. (2005). Lie detection and the polygraph: A historical review. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 16(2), 357-369. doi:10.10 80/14789940412331337353
Happel, M. D. (2005). Neuroscience and the detection of deception. Review of Policy Research, 22(5), 667-685. doi:10.1111/j.1541-1338.2005.00166
Metzinger, T. (2006). Exposing LIES. Scientific American Mind, 17(5), 32-37. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier
Walczyk, J. J., Schwartz, J. P., Clifton, R., Adams, B., & et.al. (2005). Lying personto‑person about life events: A cognitive framework for lie detection. Personnel Psychology, 58(1), 141-141
Gołaszewski M. Współczesne standardy badań poligraficznych. Wydawnictwo Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego. Warszawa. 2013.
Krapohl D, Shaw P. Fundamentals of Polygraph Practice 1st ed. Elsevier Inc. 2015.
Cook LG, Mitschow LC. Beyond the Polygraph: Deception Detection and the Autonomic Nervous System. Fed Pract. 2019;36(7):316-321.
Synnott J, Dietzel D, Ioannou, M. A review of the polygraph: history, methodology and current status. Crime Psychology Review. 2015 1(1): 59– 83.
Handler M, Nelson R. Utah Approach to Comparison Question Polygraph Testing. Polygraph 2009 (1): 15-30.
Nelson R. Scientific Basis for Polygraph. Polygraph 2012 vol 44 (1): 28-50.
Honts CR, Handler M. (Scoring Respiration When Using Directed Lie Comparison Questions". Polygraph. 2014, 43(3): 71-78.
Nelson R. Updated numerical distributions for the Empirical Scoring System: An accuracy demonstration using archival datasets with and without the Vasomotor Sensor. Polygraph & Forensic Credibility Assessment 2017, 46 (2): 116-131.
Nelson, R. et al. Criterion Validity of the Empirical Scoring System and the Objective Scoring System, version 3 with the USAF Modified General Question Technique. Polygraph, 2011, 40 (3): 172-179.
Nelson R. et al. Using the Empirical Scoring System. Polygraph, 2011, 40 (2): 67-78.
Nelson R. Multinomial reference distributions for the Empirical Scoring System. Polygraph & Forensic Credibility Assessment, 2017, 46(2): 81-115.
Blalock, B. Cushman, R. Nelson, A replication and validation study on an empirically based manual scoring system, „Polygraph” 2009, 38 (4): 281-288.
European one the Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016.
Zenteno D, Verbal D, Navarro X, Torres G, Rivas‑B C, Rodríguez‑Núñez I, Elso MJ, Tapia J. Poligrafía pediátrica: Experiencia de 6 años [Pediatric polygraphy: A 6-year experience]. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2019 Jun;90(3):309-315. Spanish. doi: 10.32641/rchped.v90i3.769. PMID: 31344191.
Yamashita K. New non‑invasive approach to detect cardiac contractility using the first sound of phonocardiogram. Acute Med Surg. 2020;7(1):e483. Published 2020 Jan 22. doi:10.1002/ams2.483.
Nikkonen S, Töyräs J, Mervaala E, Myllymaa S, Terrill P, Leppänen T. Intra‑night variation in apnea‑hypopnea index affects diagnostics and prognostics of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2020;24(1):379-386. doi:10.1007/s11325-019-01885-5.
Souza EV, Souza NV, Rodrigues Mde L. Experimental closed system surgical procedures and intraocular pressure fluctuation. Acta Cir Bras. 2014 Nov;29(11):721-6. doi: 10.1590/s0102-86502014001800005. PMID: 25424292.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 The copyright to the submitted manuscript is held by the Author, who grants the Journal of Medical Science (JMS) a nonexclusive licence to use, reproduce, and distribute the work, including for commercial purposes.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Accepted 2022-03-07
Published 2022-03-31
